Translanguaging and Tejiendo Lenguaje

Translanguaging and Tejiendo Lenguaje

by Clara Villalba -
Number of replies: 2

For me, reading the article "Translanguaging Tejidos: Crafting Language for US Latinx Education" by Ofelia García and Maite T. Sánchez elicited such an ocean of feeling that I thought must have been unique to me. Having grown up in South Florida with Spanish as a first language, I found myself in the scenarios portrayed. To cite the authors: "Raciolinguistic ideologies have worked to produce Latinx people and their language as 'mixed' and 'deficient' in what Alim et al. (2016: 9) call 'the White American imaginary'" (García and Sánchez 2015, 64). These words struck very close to home, because I have had to deal with the stinging judgment of how I speak, in school, in public, or even just thoughts by friends.

Another section that I remember clearly was when the authors discussed language as a colonizing tool. They mentioned, “language, and especially language in education, has been the material from which other muros and fronteras have been built to keep Latinx communities dominated” (65). It always seemed to me that there was a social stigma attached to Spanish in such settings, but connecting it to larger systems of oppression had never occurred to me. It is not merely the prejudice of an actor in isolation; rather, it is infrastructure put there through systematic construction for centuries starting with Nebrija saying, “Siempre la lengua fue compañera del imperio” (66). This phrase hit me like a hammer, making me realize that language has been used from day one as an instrument for weaving hierarchies. 

I was left reconsidering what I thought about dual-language programs. I grew up assuming they were an unquestioned good, but García and Sánchez reveal how “‘dual language’ programs, camouflaged as a type of bilingual education, were meant to mask their sociopolitical purpose of redefining bilingual education and language away from the Latinx community” (68). Even worse, “many two-way ‘dual language’ programs became tools of gentrification, as white English speakers took the place of Latinx students who were pushed out of their communities” (68), according to the authors. That perspective made me face how even so-called progressive models can reproduce inequality if they don’t center Latinx voices and lived practices.

Yet, it felt so affirming on their end to frame translanguaging in political and liberatory terms. They state, "[T]ranslanguaging, as Flores (2014) has said, is a political act, and it works against the raciolinguistic ideologies that have racialized US Latinxs through language" (69). For me, using Spanish and English interchangeably has always been normal; however, this was most often corrected in school. This reading empowered me to think differently about those corrections: It wasn't that I was doing something wrong; rather, my full repertoire was being discounted. García and Sánchez describe translanguaging as “epistemic disobedience, a way to revoke the coloniality of power” (72), which made me understand the embedded resistance in simply speaking as my family and community do.

Ultimately, this reading forced me into lucid understanding of the nexus among language, race, and power. It made me feel visible but also challenged me to think about how I may contribute to these systems. Translanguaging is not just about teaching. As the authors state, “only when translanguaging promotes re-makings and transformations, is it worth pursuing” (70). I take it to mean the transformation of dignity, agency, and unwillingness to have our voices manipulated into another's mold.

In reply to Clara Villalba

Re: Translanguaging and Tejiendo Lenguaje

by Guo Hui Zhuang -
I find it interesting how you relate García and Sánchez's arguments to your own experiences. I was deeply impacted by the way you used historical colonization views to evaluate Spanish stigma in public life and at school. The writers utilized Nebrija's expression "Siempre la lengua fue compañera del imperio" to demonstrate how language functions as a tool for social control and power systems in addition to being a means of communication.

The study of dual-language programs also caught my attention as an important aspect. The authors' examination of gentrification and the displacement of Latinx students in dual-language programs prompted me to reconsider my earlier assumption that these programs were always beneficial. Your piece effectively illustrated how well-meaning educational approaches can perpetuate existing disparities when they neglect to prioritize the needs of their target populations.

With that being said, I found resonance in your concept of translanguaging as an empowering practice. Your quote, which refers to translanguaging as "epistemic disobedience," changed my perspective of the practice from one of communication to one of potent resistance and self-determination. Your remark highlights the political and personal nature of language use, which prompts me to consider how inclusive learning settings that emphasize students' full language proficiency, rather than correction, should be created in schools.
In reply to Clara Villalba

Re: Translanguaging and Tejiendo Lenguaje

by Seoyoon Bae -
Thank you, Clara, for tying in personal experiences with the readings. I hadn't read García and Sánchez's paper, but the points you brought up are things that should be explored and talked about further in educational settings. I got to think about how theories on raciolinguistic ideologies are not abstract, but very closely intertwined with our daily lives. Being corrected for translanguaging resonates with me, even though it's not with Spanish and English.
 
I attended an international school in Korea, where the student population was primarily Korean, and the faculty was almost entirely white (often male). Faculty would 'strongly advise' using English and often give sanctions to students who spoke any Korean, even in group discussions where everyone was Korean. Bouncing off ideas or explaining new concepts in Korean to students who might be having a harder time understanding was frowned upon. I had friends who often hesitated to use their full linguistic repertoire and share their ideas because they weren't confident that it would make sense in English. If you couldn't express it in English, your voice would be unheard. 

I also appreciate how you picked up on the idea of language as a colonizing tool. It's sobering to think about how language has been used historically to construct the borders and hierarchies that persist in modern-day school settings. Your reflection on dual-language programs was quite eye-opening; I hadn't fully considered how these initiatives could also erase places for lived experiences and become exclusionary if the spaces aren't created for the voices of the oppressed.
 
Framing translanguaging as 'epistemic disobedience' feels powerful because it shifts the narrative from one of deficiency to one of resistance. It makes me think about our role as students who are more aware of these matters. It challenged me to think of translanguaging as a commitment to recognizing people's language identities.