Second Language and Literacy Development

Second Language and Literacy Development

by Alexia Enache -
Number of replies: 1

I have always been so grateful to my parents for preserving Romanian in our family by teaching it to my sister and me. I recently talked with my mom about how my parents chose to teach us Romanian, and she said that she knew if we weren't completely introduced and immersed in the Romanian language before we began learning English through formal schooling, the possibility of us speaking Romanian would be incredibly miniscule. I whole heartedly agree with this sentiment as even today I can see differences in my Romanian language abilities compared to close family friends of similar age and upbringing setting. It sheds light on just how crucial it is to be aware and proactive within the critical period of development. It appears the material for this week corroborates the importance of language in childhood development very well. 

The Crash Course Video perfectly elaborated these linguistic focuses I am expressing. Domain-specific vocabulary, receptive bilingualism, and continuation of a heritage language are all elements that factor into my own personal assessment of my linguistic portfolio. It’s interesting to reflect on how these factors influenced my perspective on language, especially as English was introduced later through schooling.

This leads me then into Cummins’ distinction between Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS) and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP). When I started school, I quickly began to pick up conversational English, but the academic side developed through structured exposure in the classroom. As Cummins emphasizes, maintaining my home language supported rather than hindered my acquisition of academic English, because the literacy and cognitive skills I developed through Romanian transferred across languages. In other words, parents who focus on strengthening the home language are providing their children with a solid linguistic foundation that enhances, not competes with, English learning. My mom’s choice to immerse us in Romanian perfectly reflects this principle, trusting that English would naturally follow through school. By keeping the use of Romanian at home (instead of switching to imperfect English) Cummins points support that long-term academic success using academic English would follow under the BICS and CALPS structure.

Reflecting on both the research and my experience, I realize how intentional my parents language choices were. Preserving Romanian wasn’t just about communication, it was about identity, connection, and long-term success. Learning English through an academic setting, while maintaining Romanian at home, ultimately allowed me to develop deeply in both languages rather than losing one to the other.

In reply to Alexia Enache

Re: Second Language and Literacy Development

by Hillary Tran -
Hi Alexia!

I like how you bring your mom's decision into focus. It makes the theory feel grounded in real choices at the kitchen table. It's really interesting how you notice the ripple effects now, comparing your Romanian to friends with similar backgrounds. That detail gives weight to the "critical period" idea without turning it into a slogan. I also like how you frame Romanian at home as more than a vehicle for words. Identity. Kinship. Texture. I felt that. When you linked this to BICS and CALP, it clicked for me in a different way. Conversational English arrived quickly at school; academic English took time and structure. Meanwhile, the literacy muscles you built in Romanian were already doing quiet work in the background. That’s a strong read on transfer. Your point about "not switching to imperfect English" at home stuck with me. I grew up toggling between registers and sometimes I catch myself sanding off pieces of my home voice to sound more "classroom ready." Your words nudged me to treat those voices as additive. Not a trade. A stack! I relate to the domain-specific vocabulary piece too. I have words that only live in certain rooms. Little things like "lah" or "yah" that slipped into English without me realizing. I’d say "So fast one!" or "You eat already?"--phrases that felt completely natural at home but strange anywhere else. Even the way we softened disagreement, starting with "Maybe can…" or "I think a bit different only." Those expressions carried a tone, a rhythm, a kind of gentle playfulness that I didn’t find in other Englishes. Hearing your story reminded me to curate those spaces rather than collapse them into one tidy bucket labeled academic. Naming the intention behind your parents' choices got me thinking about how I might protect the fullness of my own languages with that same care, so the classroom builds on a foundation that already belongs to me.